Managing change is particularly complex due to the fact that much of what must be changed often consists of intangibles such as beliefs, behavior s and policies. These types of constraints are more difficult to identify. We can get help from:
Many executives believe now believe that decisions should be made by those people with the best information to make decisions, regardless of their level in the organization. More decentralization might be needed under one or more of the following conditions:
Today, many organizations have reduced the number of managerial positions through restructuring while increasing the spans of control. The optimum span of control is increasingly determined by issues such as:
Understanding leadership requires a fundamental understanding of organizations and the design factors that must be considered. The design of an organization is the formal framework for communication and authority, and is determined by:
The priority attributed to quality function is not based on size of the quality department. The quality function is not: