Get APICS CPIM-Part-2 Exam Practice Questions - Real and Updated

Answer : C

A move from acceptance sampling to 100% inspection would be caused by the circumstance of downstream operators encountering recurring defects. Acceptance sampling is a quality control technique that uses statistical sampling to determine whether to accept or reject a production lot of material.It is employed when one or several of the following hold: testing is destructive; the cost of 100% inspection is very high; and 100% inspection takes too long1. 100% inspection is a quality control technique that examines every item in a production lot for defects or nonconformities.It is employed when the cost of passing a defective item is very high; testing is nondestructive; and 100% inspection does not take too long2.

Downstream operators are the workers or machines that perform the subsequent operations or processes on the products after they have been inspected or tested. Downstream operators encountering recurring defects means that the products that have passed the acceptance sampling or testing are still found to be defective or nonconforming by the downstream operators. This can indicate that the acceptance sampling or testing is not effective or reliable in detecting or preventing defects or nonconformities. This can also result in negative consequences, such as rework, waste, delays, customer complaints, or safety issues. Therefore, this circumstance would cause a move from acceptance sampling to 100% inspection, as it would require a more thorough and rigorous quality control technique to ensure that no defective or nonconforming products are passed to the downstream operators.

The other options are not circumstances that would cause a move from acceptance sampling to 100% inspection. History shows that the quality level has been stable from lot to lot is not a circumstance that would cause a move from acceptance sampling to 100% inspection, but rather a circumstance that would support the use of acceptance sampling. Quality level is the proportion of conforming items in a production lot. Quality level being stable from lot to lot means that there is little variation or fluctuation in the quality of the products over time. This can indicate that the production process is under control and consistent in meeting the quality standards or specifications. Therefore, this circumstance would support the use of acceptance sampling, as it would reduce the risk of accepting a defective lot or rejecting a conforming lot.

The company uses one of its qualified suppliers is not a circumstance that would cause a move from acceptance sampling to 100% inspection, but rather a circumstance that would support the use of acceptance sampling. A qualified supplier is a supplier that has met certain quality, delivery, and service standards and has been approved by the company to supply goods or services without inspection or testing. A qualified supplier is expected to maintain a high level of performance and reliability, as well as to report any issues or deviations that may affect the delivery process. Therefore, this circumstance would support the use of acceptance sampling, as it would reduce the need for 100% inspection by relying on the supplier's quality assurance system.

The percent of defects is expected to be greater than 5% is not a circumstance that would cause a move from acceptance sampling to 100% inspection, but rather a circumstance that would require a change in the acceptance sampling plan. The percent of defects is the proportion of defective items in a production lot. The percent of defects being expected to be greater than 5% means that there is a high probability of finding defective items in the production lot. This can indicate that the production process is out of control or inconsistent in meeting the quality standards or specifications. Therefore, this circumstance would require a change in the acceptance sampling plan, such as reducing the acceptable quality limit (AQL), increasing the sample size, or decreasing the acceptance number, to increase the likelihood of rejecting a defective lot.

Answer : A

A sales forecast that is based solely on shipment history is a method that uses past sales data to predict future sales.This method assumes that the sales pattern will remain consistent over time, and does not account for any changes or fluctuations in demand or supply1. Therefore, this method can be distorted by any factors that affect the availability or delivery of the products, such as material shortages.

Material shortages are situations where the supply of raw materials, components, or finished goods is insufficient to meet the demand.Material shortages can be caused by various reasons, such as natural disasters, supplier issues, transportation disruptions, quality problems, or demand spikes2. Material shortages can have a negative impact on the sales forecast that is based solely on shipment history, because they can reduce the amount of products that can be shipped to customers, and thus lower the sales revenue.Material shortages can also create a backlog of orders that cannot be fulfilled in time, and thus create a gap between the actual and forecasted sales3.

The other factors listed in the question typically would not distort a sales forecast that is based solely on shipment history, because they do not affect the shipment history directly. Labor rate changes are changes in the wages or salaries paid to workers.They may affect the production costs and profits, but not necessarily the sales volume or revenue4. Currency exchange rates are the rates at which one currency can be exchanged for another.They may affect the competitiveness and profitability of international sales, but not necessarily the sales volume or revenue5. Customer demands are the needs and preferences of customers for products or services. They may affect the sales potential and market share, but not necessarily the sales volume or revenue.

Answer : D

Safety stock is a type of inventory that is held in excess of the expected demand to protect against uncertainties such as demand variability, lead time variability, or supply disruptions. Safety stock can help to reduce the risk of stockouts, which are situations where the inventory level falls below the demand level and the customer orders cannot be fulfilled. Safety stock can be determined by using different methods, such as statistical models, service level policies, or empirical rules. One of the common criteria that is used to determine safety stock in a distribution center (DC) is the probability of stocking out, which is the likelihood that the inventory level will be insufficient to meet the demand during a replenishment cycle. The probability of stocking out can be calculated by using the normal distribution, assuming that the demand and lead time are normally distributed. The probability of stocking out can also be expressed as the complementary value of the service level, which is the percentage of customer orders that can be satisfied from the available inventory. A higher probability of stocking out implies a lower service level and a lower safety stock. A lower probability of stocking out implies a higher service level and a higher safety stock.

Answer : C

A lean relationship is a type of supplier-customer relationship that focuses on eliminating waste, improving quality, and reducing costs throughout the supply chain. A lean relationship requires a high level of collaboration, trust, and transparency between the supplier and the customer. Communication between the counterparts at the two companies is an essential activity that will enhance a successful lean relationship. Communication can help to align the goals, expectations, and performance measures of the supplier and the customer, as well as to identify and resolve any issues or problems that may arise. Communication can also facilitate information sharing, feedback, and continuous improvement initiatives.Reference: CPIM Exam Content Manual Version 7.0, Domain 7: Plan and Manage Distribution, Section 7.1: Develop Distribution Plans, Subsection 7.1.3: Describe how to develop supplier-customer relationships (page 66).

Answer : D

External sustainability reporting and verification is an opportunity for a company to communicate its performance in terms of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) aspects. ESG performance refers to how a company manages its impacts and risks on the natural environment, the society, and its own governance structure. By reporting and verifying its ESG performance, a company can demonstrate its commitment to sustainability, transparency, and accountability to its stakeholders, such as investors, customers, employees, regulators, and the public.External sustainability reporting and verification can also provide a company with various benefits, such as improved reputation, enhanced stakeholder trust, increased operational efficiency, reduced costs, and better decision making123.