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Answer : B, D

Considering the functionalities described for the Health Insurance Calculation system, the keywords would represent the main actions that can be performed in the system. 'Enter_Client' would be a keyword for entering new client information, which is a primary feature of the system as described. 'Select_Client' would be used to retrieve information for an existing client using the client's ID number, which is another main functionality. Other options such as 'Remove_Client', 'Print_Premium', and 'Exclude_Client' are not explicitly mentioned in the provided system functionalities, therefore, 'Enter_Client' and 'Select_Client' are the most likely keywords for automation.

Answer : D

The key context here is the challenge of managing limited resources, particularly ROM and RAM, due to severe restrictions on code size in consumer electronics. Lazy instantiation is a design pattern that defers the creation of an object until the first time it is needed. This approach can significantly reduce the application's memory footprint by avoiding unnecessary pre-allocation of memory, which is particularly valuable in systems where memory resources are constrained. In reviewing the architecture for such a system, it's crucial to ensure that objects are only created when necessary and that memory is optimally managed. Hence, the focus on lazy instantiation would be most important to ensure that the system uses resources efficiently and remains within the restricted code size.

Answer : C

The statement about performance testing tools that is NOT correct is that they typically drive the application by simulating user interaction at the graphical user interface (GUI) level to more accurately measure response times. In practice, performance testing tools often simulate user interactions at a protocol or service level rather than the GUI level. This approach allows the tools to generate a high load by simulating many virtual users, which would be challenging to achieve with GUI-level interactions due to the higher resource consumption and slower execution speed associated with GUI automation.

Performance testing tools are designed to assess the performance of a system under a particular load and are not primarily focused on the user interface. They simulate multiple users accessing the system simultaneously, which helps in identifying bottlenecks, understanding the system's behavior under load, and determining how the system scales with increasing load. The tools typically simulate user requests to the server, bypassing the GUI to directly test the backend, APIs, or other service endpoints. This method allows for more efficient and scalable testing, enabling the simulation of thousands of users without the overhead of rendering the GUI.

Answer : B

In the context of a software company in Spain developing mobile applications with an expectation of many small updates due to changing configurations and customer feedback, focusing on being able to change the software effectively and efficiently during initial development without introducing new defects is crucial. The maintainability sub-characteristic that should be covered by the test approach during the initial development is Modifiability.

Modifiability refers to the ease with which a software product can be modified to correct faults, improve performance or other attributes, or adapt to a changed environment. In a scenario where frequent and small updates are anticipated, ensuring that the software architecture and design support easy modification is vital. This not only aids in implementing changes more rapidly but also helps in maintaining the stability and integrity of the application, thereby preventing the introduction of new defects. The focus on modifiability ensures that the software remains responsive to customer feedback and evolving requirements without compromising on quality or performance.

Answer : C

In the context of software testing, different safety integrity levels (SIL) require different levels of rigor in testing. According to the IEC61508 standard, for software components rated at SIL 2, achieving 100% statement coverage and 100% decision coverage is recommended. Statement coverage ensures that every line of code is executed at least once during testing, while decision coverage ensures that every decision in the code (e.g., every branch of an IF statement) is executed on both the true and false sides. These coverage criteria ensure a thorough testing of the software components to validate that they behave correctly in all circumstances. Multiple condition coverage and MC/DC coverage (Options A and B) are more rigorous and typically required for higher SIL levels, such as SIL 4.