Which of the following best describes the challenges associated with widespread adoption of homomorphic encryption techniques?
Answer : D
Homomorphic encryption allows computations to be performed on encrypted data without decrypting it, providing strong privacy guarantees. However, the adoption of homomorphic encryption is challenging due to several factors:
A . Incomplete mathematical primitives: This is not the primary barrier as the theoretical foundations of homomorphic encryption are well-developed.
B . No use cases to drive adoption: There are several compelling use cases for homomorphic encryption, especially in privacy-sensitive fields like healthcare and finance.
C . Quantum computers not yet capable: Quantum computing is not directly related to the challenges of adopting homomorphic encryption.
D . Insufficient coprocessor support: The computational overhead of homomorphic encryption is significant, requiring substantial processing power. Current general-purpose processors are not optimized for the intensive computations required by homomorphic encryption, limiting its practical deployment. Specialized hardware or coprocessors designed to handle these computations more efficiently are not yet widely available.
CompTIA Security+ Study Guide
'Homomorphic Encryption: Applications and Challenges' by Rivest et al.
A subcontractor develops safety critical avionics software for a major aircraft manufacturer. After an incident, a third-party investigator recommends the company begin to employ formal methods in the development life cycle. Which of the following findings from the investigation most directly supports the investigator's recommendation?
Answer : C
Formal methods in software engineering use mathematically based specifications to ensure system correctness, safety, and compliance with requirements. SecurityX CAS-005 stresses the importance of traceability between code and both functional and non-functional requirements for high-assurance systems like avionics. A lack of traceability means it is impossible to verify that the implementation meets all required safety and performance standards---exactly what formal methods address.
A company migrating to aremote work model requires that company-owned devices connect to a VPN before logging in to the device itself. The VPN gateway requires that a specific key extension is deployed to the machine certificates in the internal PKI. Which of the following best explains this requirement?
Answer : B
This scenario describes anenterprise VPN setup that requires machine authenticationbefore a user logs in. The best explanation for this requirement is that theVPN client selects the appropriate certificate automaticallybased on the key extension in the machine certificate.
Understanding the Key Extension Requirement:
PKI (Public Key Infrastructure)issues machine certificates that include specific key usages such asClient AuthenticationorIPSec IKE Intermediate.
Key usage extensionsdefine how a certificate can be used, ensuring that onlyvalid certificates are selected by the VPN client.
Why Option B is Correct:
The VPNautomaticallyselects the correct machine certificate with the appropriate key extension.
The process occurswithout user intervention, ensuring seamless VPN authentication before login.
Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
A (MFA requirement):Certificates used in this scenario are for machine authentication, not user MFA. MFA typically involves user credentials plus a second factor (like OTPs or biometrics), which isnot applicable here.
C (Wi-Fi connectivity before login):This refers topre-logon networking, which is a separate concept where devices authenticate to a Wi-Fi network before login, usually via 802.1X EAP-TLS. However, this question specifically mentions VPN authentication, not Wi-Fi authentication.
D (SSL VPN with certificates):While SSL VPNs do use certificates,this scenario involves machine certificates issued by an internal PKI, which are commonly used inIPSec VPNs, not SSL VPNs.
CompTIA SecurityX CAS-005 Official Study Guide: Section onMachine Certificate Authentication in VPNs
NIST SP 800-53: Guidelines on authentication mechanisms
RFC 5280: Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure Certificate and CRL Profile
An organization wants to manage specialized endpoints and needs a solution that provides the ability to
* Centrally manage configurations
* Push policies.
* Remotely wipe devices
* Maintain asset inventory
Which of the following should the organization do to best meet these requirements?
Answer : B
To meet the requirements of centrally managing configurations, pushing policies, remotely wiping devices, and maintaining an asset inventory, the best solution is to implement a Mobile Device Management (MDM) solution.
MDM Capabilities:
Central Management: MDM allows administrators to manage the configurations of all devices from a central console.
Policy Enforcement: MDM solutions enable the push of security policies and updates to ensure compliance across all managed devices.
Remote Wipe: In case a device is lost or stolen, MDM provides the capability to remotely wipe the device to protect sensitive data.
Asset Inventory: MDM maintains an up-to-date inventory of all managed devices, including their configurations and installed applications.
Other options do not provide the same comprehensive capabilities required for managing specialized endpoints.
CompTIA SecurityX Study Guide
NIST Special Publication 800-124 Revision 1, 'Guidelines for Managing the Security of Mobile Devices in the Enterprise'
'Mobile Device Management Overview,' Gartner Research
A user reports application access issues to the help desk. The help desk reviews the logs for the user:
Which of the following is most likely the reason for the issue?
Answer : A
The logs show that the user connected fromToronto (104.18.16.29)andLos Angeles (95.67.137.12)within minutes. The sudden location change is a typical trigger forgeoblocking in a Next-Generation Firewall (NGFW), leading to theHR System being denied.
A compromised account (B)would show failed login attempts or unusual activities, but all other access attempts were allowed.
Business hours restriction (C)is unlikely since the user was granted access earlier.
Approved subnet issues (D)would affect all applications, not just HR System access.
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