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Answer : D

Theory-Driven Evaluation seeks to understand the causal mechanisms --- how and why a project achieved (or failed to achieve) results --- rather than merely measuring outputs.

Answer : A

An interchange cost arises when there is inefficiency or delay between process stages in the value stream. In Lean thinking, ideal flow minimises these gaps to improve cycle time and efficiency.

Answer : D

Open-ended change occurs when outcomes cannot be predicted due to novelty or lack of precedent. There is no reliable data to forecast consequences, unlike contained (partially known) or closed (fully known) changes.

Answer : A

A mandatory dependency is legally or logically required --- in this case, the statutory 10-day ''standstill'' under public procurement law. Other types: external (outside factors), discretionary (team choice), internal (organisational processes).

Answer : C

The guide emphasises that an Executive role should still be assigned and engaged even on small/simple projects, maintaining communication with the Project Manager; they are jointly the most important roles.