Get CIPS L4M5 Exam Dumps

Answer : A

A useful and simple shorthand for preferred negotiation styles is summarised by four simple descriptor: 'warm', 'tough', 'logical' and 'dealer', which can be applied to describe individuals' dominant preferred style in most circumstances.

Warm - a people person

Tough - a hard-nosed negotiator

Logic - a numbers person

Dealer - a trader who loves bargaining

Strengths, weaknesses of dealer style are described below:

LO 2, AC 2.4

Answer : C, E

Integrative approach to negotiation used when the interested parties are attempting to create more of something of value to share, also known as collaborative approach or win-win. Integrative, interest-based negotiation can facilitate constructive, positive relationship and establishes contracts between parties on a foundation of goodwill. In integrative bargaining, both parties seek to 'expand the pie' by creating more value for both the buyer and the seller. Integrative negotiation 'shares the pie' and is interest rather than positional based.

In distributive bargaining, the focus is on claiming value and getting as much of the pie as parties can.

LO 1, AC 1.2

Answer : A

'Supplier may want to encourage buyer's demand': the buyer tends to prefer lower price, if supplier wants to encourage its customers to buy more, it needs to offer discount at bulk amount. So this option is not acceptable.

'Supplier may have high fixed cost - variable cost ratio': Supplier with high fixed cost needs high volumes to break even, but once achieved, it may be able to offer significant discounts for bulk orders

'The supplier may have reached economy of scale': when economy of scale is reached, cost per unit will be minimal which often leads to more favourable price.

'Supplier may need to open new facilities to meet increasing customer's demand': Increasing customer's demands may excess supplier's current capacity. Therefore, supplier may need to extend its capacity by investing more in facilities. To cover these fixed cost investment, supplier may charge higher price.

LO 2, AC 2.1

Answer : D, E

In a globalised commercial world characterised by dynamic market and multiple companies competing for business, a positive corporate reputation can be an enormous asset. Reputational strength in one organisation might be based on some or all of the following characteristics:

- Quality of products or services

- Low cost/high value for money

- High ethical standards

- Reliability

- Cutting-edge technology

- Strong customer focus

- Engineering excellence

LO 1, AC 1.4

Answer : C, E

Becoming a preferred customer to supplier's perspective can increase the purchaser's leverage in negotiation. Beside the size of buying organisation or its spend, the following may be sufficient to differentiate the buyer from other buying organisations:

- Simple procurement processes

- Simple contracting processes

- Clear and concise documentation

- Absence of onerous supplier terms and conditions (onerous supplier terms and conditions mean that obligations imposed on suppliers are greater than their gains)

- On-time payment: The reduction in hassle for both supplier and the buyer, if bills are paid on time, is significant. From the customer's perspective it could also be the opener to agreeing preferential payment terms. A supplier may weigh up that payment on time at 60 days is worth taking, over the current 30-day terms that slip to 90 days and beyond.

- Transparent processes

- Ethical behavior

LO 1, AC 1.3