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Answer : B

In a concurrent development environment, when a problem is identified in an earlier version (Version 1) that originated in a later version (Version 2), the appropriate action involves managing the code versions effectively. Branching the Version 2 codeline is the most appropriate first step because:

Isolation of Changes: Branching allows for the isolation of the problematic code in Version 2, enabling targeted fixes without affecting ongoing development in other versions.

Concurrent Development: This approach supports concurrent development activities, allowing different teams to work on fixing the issue in Version 2 while continuing development on other versions.

Answer : D

Open Source Software (OSS) offers many benefits, such as cost savings and community support. However, it also presents challenges:

Frequent Updates: OSS often undergoes frequent updates and changes, which can be difficult to track and implement, especially in a production environment.

Compatibility Issues: New versions of OSS may introduce changes that are not backward compatible, leading to potential integration and functionality issues.

Maintenance Burden: Organizations using OSS need to dedicate resources to keep up with these updates to ensure security and functionality.

Answer : C

Increased satisfaction among external stakeholders, such as customers, investors, and partners, has a direct impact on the organization's long-term success and sustainability. This is because:

Customer Loyalty: Satisfied customers are more likely to remain loyal, make repeat purchases, and recommend the organization to others.

Investor Confidence: Satisfied stakeholders, including investors, tend to have more confidence in the organization's management and future prospects, leading to increased investment and support.

Partnerships and Collaborations: Positive relationships with external stakeholders foster better business partnerships and collaborations, which can lead to new opportunities and growth.

Answer : D

Data owners are typically individuals or groups who have deep understanding and control over a specific set of data. They are well-versed in the context, nuances, and expected patterns of the data they manage. This in-depth knowledge allows them to:

Detect Anomalies: Because data owners understand what the data should look like under normal circumstances, they are more likely to spot inconsistencies or errors as data is being collected.

Increase Accuracy: By catching and correcting anomalies early in the data collection process, data owners can ensure that the data remains accurate and reliable.

Immediate Action: Anomalies can be addressed on the spot, reducing the time and effort required for post-collection data cleaning and correction.

Answer : A

For safety-critical software, it is crucial to specify how the system should react to accidents or hazardous conditions to mitigate risks and ensure safety. This type of requirement directly addresses safety concerns by defining specific actions that the system must take in response to potential safety issues.

'System Safety Engineering and Management' by Harold E. Roland and Brian Moriarty.

ISO/IEC 61508, which provides guidelines for the functional safety of electrical/electronic/programmable electronic safety-related systems.